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    The Si830x provides four high-side or low-side switches with low RON. These switches are ideal for driving resistive and inductive loads like solenoids, relays, and lamps commonly found in industrial control systems like Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC).

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    Obtain Temperature Uniformity With An Ultra-Low Temperature Freezer

    PHCbi brand's 18.6 cu.ft (528L) ultra-low temperature freezer operates on 220V and features VIP Plus vacuum insulated panels to deliver reliable temperature uniformity throughout the chamber. ENERGY STAR® Certified.

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    Technology Excellence Centers

    Comprehensive analytical and device testing services are available for injectable drugs, ensuring optimal primary packaging, compliance, and reliability throughout the product development lifecycle.

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    Custom Media To Optimize Your Project

    Many cell types require highly-specialized formulations in order to achieve optimal performance. Build a media from scratch that meets your specific requirements, regardless of the complexity.

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    Getting Novel Therapies To Patients Everywhere

    From regulatory pathway selection to patient recruitment challenges to navigating the volume of data to collect and clean — a rare disease therapy requires an extraordinary amount of coordination.

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About Nutrient Removal

Nutrient removal from wastewater consists of treating wastewater to remove nitrogen and phosphorus before it reenters natural waterways. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater cause eutrophication, a process where excess nutrients stimulate excessive plant growth such as algal blooms and cyanobacteria. The decomposition of the algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen in the water causing other organisms to die. This creates more organic matter for the bacteria to decompose. In addition, some algal blooms can produce toxins that contaminate drinking water supplies.

As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program regulates point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants, that discharge pollutants as effluent into the waters of the United States. In recent years, many of the States’ environmental bodies have lowered nutrient limits to arrest eutrophication. Maryland’s effort to protect the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is perhaps the most notable example of nutrient removal in the US. Nutrient removal continues to be a growing area of focus for wastewater treatment throughout the world.   

The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus require different nutrient removal processes. To remove nitrogen, the nitrogen is oxidized from ammonia to become nitrate through a process called nitrification. This process is then followed by denitrification where the nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas which is released to the atmosphere and removed from the wastewater.

Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process which typically takes place in aeration tanks. Denitrification requires anoxic conditions to encourage the appropriate biological conditions to form. The activated sludge process is often used to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in anoxic or denitrification tanks.

Phosphorus can be removed biologically using polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) which accumulate large quantities of phosphorus within their cells and separate it from treated water. Phosphorus removal can also be achieved by chemical removal. Once removed as sludge, phosphorus may be stored in a land fill. However, many municipalities and treatment facilities are looking to resell the biosolids for use in fertilizer.