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  • HLM-40ABH_450x300
    High Power 40GHz Limiter: HLM-40ABH

    The HLM-40ABH is a high-power, wideband signal limiter designed for protection and performance in RF systems operating from DC up to 40 GHz.

  • amp20184
    0.8 - 2.5 GHz, 500 Watt Solid State High Power Amplifier: AMP20184

    The Exodus Advanced Communications AMP20184 is a solid-state, high-power amplifier designed for various applications, including EMI/RFI testing, laboratory use, CW/Pulse operations, and all communication needs.

  • Hull i-Dositecno
    Pharmaceutical Labeling Equipment For Injectable Products

    Ensuring you have equipment that accurately and rapidly assembles syringes and cartridges is crucial to the success of your pharmaceutical manufacturing workflow. The Hull i-Dositecno SY pharmaceutical labeling machine harnesses dual-function robotics for plunger insertion and labeling to ensure the safety and sterility of your product.

    • Versatile – ideal for syringes or cartridges in sterile, clean, ready-to-fill (SCF) tubs
    • Cleanroom ready
    • Fully compliant – 21 CFR Part 11 software and IQ/OQ validation packages available
  • GettyImages-1293373244 clinical team
    Global Site Partnership Network

    Accelerate your clinical trials with an expansive network of over 2,000 high-quality, trusted clinical trial sites across Australia, New Zealand, United States and Canada. 

  • Marki - MM1
    Class K, 25-67 GHz Double Balanced Mixer: MM1-2567LCH-2

    The MM1-2567LS is a passive GaAs double-balanced MMIC mixer suitable for both up and down-conversion applications featuring excellent conversion loss, isolation, and a small form factor.

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About Nutrient Removal

Nutrient removal from wastewater consists of treating wastewater to remove nitrogen and phosphorus before it reenters natural waterways. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater cause eutrophication, a process where excess nutrients stimulate excessive plant growth such as algal blooms and cyanobacteria. The decomposition of the algae by bacteria uses up the oxygen in the water causing other organisms to die. This creates more organic matter for the bacteria to decompose. In addition, some algal blooms can produce toxins that contaminate drinking water supplies.

As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program regulates point sources, such as municipal wastewater treatment plants, that discharge pollutants as effluent into the waters of the United States. In recent years, many of the States’ environmental bodies have lowered nutrient limits to arrest eutrophication. Maryland’s effort to protect the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries is perhaps the most notable example of nutrient removal in the US. Nutrient removal continues to be a growing area of focus for wastewater treatment throughout the world.   

The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus require different nutrient removal processes. To remove nitrogen, the nitrogen is oxidized from ammonia to become nitrate through a process called nitrification. This process is then followed by denitrification where the nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas which is released to the atmosphere and removed from the wastewater.

Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process which typically takes place in aeration tanks. Denitrification requires anoxic conditions to encourage the appropriate biological conditions to form. The activated sludge process is often used to reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas in anoxic or denitrification tanks.

Phosphorus can be removed biologically using polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) which accumulate large quantities of phosphorus within their cells and separate it from treated water. Phosphorus removal can also be achieved by chemical removal. Once removed as sludge, phosphorus may be stored in a land fill. However, many municipalities and treatment facilities are looking to resell the biosolids for use in fertilizer.